Integrating tuberculosis (TB) screening into health services for children under 5 (CPS) is an essential strategy to combat this infectious disease. This makes it possible to identify cases of tuberculosis in children, a particularly vulnerable group, early and direct them to appropriate treatment.
Why is this important?
Early detection: Tuberculosis in children is often difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can be nonspecific and resemble other diseases. Screening integrated into the CPS makes it possible to identify suspected cases more quickly and initiate rapid treatment.
Better treatment outcomes: Early diagnosis increases the chance of complete recovery and reduces the risk of serious complications, such as resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Protection of those around them: Children with tuberculosis can transmit the disease to those around them, particularly to members of their family. Screening and treatment help limit the spread of tuberculosis.
How does the screening take place?
SMC screening for TB in children under 5 years of age may include:
Clinical Assessment: The doctor looks for signs and symptoms of tuberculosis, such as chronic cough, fever, weight loss, loss of appetite, and fatigue.
Screening Tests: Tuberculin skin tests or interferon gamma release tests (IGRA) may be used to confirm the presence of TB infection.
Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray may be performed to assess the extent of the disease.
Recommendations
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends integrating TB screening into health services for children under 5 years of age in areas with a high TB burden. This strategy is essential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in children and contribute to the reduction of mortality and morbidity due to this disease.